2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) Urolithiasis

2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urolithiasis is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the APRT gene. A defective APRT enzyme can result in the formation of 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (DHA) urinary stones which can lead to urinary tract obstruction.

Acral Mutilation Syndrome

Acral Mutilation Syndrome (AMS) causes insensitivity to pain, leading to a tendency to lick or bite paws excessively. This often results in loss of toenails, fractures, and toe amputation.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a rare, life-threatening disorder that causes a rapid severe respiratory failure that is unresponsive to treatment.

Alaskan Husky Encephalopathy

Alaskan Husky Encephalopathy (AHE) is a severe, early-onset disorder of the nervous system that causes wide-ranging clinical signs, including seizures, behavioral changes, and incoordination.

Alexander Disease

Alexander disease is a rare, fatal neurological disease, causing progressive weakness in all limbs.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (Discovered in the Italian Greyhound)

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI) is a disorder that affects the hard enamel coating of the teeth. Dogs with this condition suffer from enamel thinning and roughening and discoloration of the teeth.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (Discovered in the Lancashire Heeler)

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (AI), also known as enamel hypoplasia, is a disorder where the hard enamel covering of the teeth is thin, roughened, and discolored. Please note, the genetic variant tested by Wisdom is currently under research for association of AI in the Lancashire Heeler with a scientific manuscript in preparation.

Amelogenesis Imperfecta (Discovered in the Parson Russell Terrier)

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), also known as enamel hypoplasia, is a disorder where the hard enamel covering of the teeth is thin, roughened and discolored.

Bandera's Neonatal Ataxia

Bandera's Neonatal Ataxia (BNA), discovered in the Coton de Tulear, is a severe brain problem that affects a puppy's ability to move its body properly.

Benign Familial Juvenile Epilepsy

Benign Familial Juvenile Epilepsy (BFJE) is a neurological disorder causing epileptic seizures.

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (Discovered in the Cocker Spaniel)

Bernard-Soulier Syndrome (BSS) is a bleeding disorder in which platelets cannot bind together normally, leading to delayed blood clotting. The condition is characterized by larger than normal platelets and variably low platelet numbers, known as macrothrombocytopenia. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Cocker Spaniel.

CNS Atrophy with Cerebellar Ataxia (Discovered in the Belgian Shepherd)

CNS Atrophy with Cerebellar Ataxia (CACA) is a neurological condition characterized by uncoordinated movements and intention tremors beginning at two weeks of age. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Belgian Shepherd.

Canine Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (Discovered in the Beagle)

Canine Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) is an inherited, non-progressive eye disorder that is present at birth and limits the ability to see in dim light or darkness. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Beagle.

Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD), type III

Canine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (CLAD) is a disease causing fever, mucosal hemorrhaging, marked dental disease, poor wound healing, and lameness.

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy 1

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy 1 (CMR1) is an eye disorder that can cause retinal decay which may impact vision, but very rarely results in blindness.

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy 2

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy 2 (CMR2) is an eye disorder that can cause retinal decay which may impact vision, but very rarely results in blindness.

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy 3

Canine Multifocal Retinopathy 3 (CMR3) is an eye disorder that can cause retinal decay which may impact vision, but very rarely results in blindness.

Canine Multiple Systems Degeneration (Discovered in the Chinese Crested Dog)

Canine Multiple Systems Degeneration (CMSD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that has an early onset and progressively affects walking and motor skills. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Chinese Crested Dog.

Canine Scott Syndrome

Canine Scott Syndrome (CSS) is a bleeding disorder caused by a hereditary defect affecting blood platelets, which are important in the blood clotting process. This means that clots form more slowly at a site of bleeding.

Cardiomyopathy and Juvenile Mortality (Discovered in the Belgian Shepherd)

Cardiomyopathy and Juvenile Mortality is an inherited condition associated with the death of young puppies following nonspecific signs of illness. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Belgian Shepherd.

Centronuclear Myopathy (Discovered in the Great Dane)

Centronuclear Myopathy (CNM) is a type of muscle disease causing weakness and muscle wasting.

Centronuclear Myopathy (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Centronuclear Myopathy (CNM) is a type of muscle disease causing weakness and muscle wasting.

Cerebellar Ataxia

Cerebellar Ataxias (CAs) are a group of disorders in which there is a degeneration in the movement center of the brain, known as the cerebellum. The degeneration leads to a lack of coordination in movements.

Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration

Cerebellar cortical degeneration (CDD) is a disease causing incoordination and impaired balance.

Cerebellar Hypoplasia

Cerebellar Hypoplasia (CH) causes difficulty controlling bodily movements (ataxia). The severity of the ataxia can vary between affected dogs and does not worsen with age.

Cerebral Dysfunction

Cerebral Dysfunction is a brain disorder that causes affected puppies to show severe mental depression, odd behaviors, and limb weakness.

Chondrodysplasia (Discovered in Norwegian Elkhound and Karelian Bear Dog)

Chondrodysplasia is a skeletal disorder that leads to the development of shorter than normal legs.

Chondrodystrophy (CDDY) and Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) Risk

Chondrodystrophy (CDDY) is a skeletal disorder characterized by shortened limbs and abnormal early degeneration of the spinal discs, or intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), which predisposes to disc herniation.

Cleft Lip & Palate with Syndactyly

Cleft Lip & Palate with Syndactyly (CLPS) is a disorder that causes an abnormal hole in the roof of the mouth (cleft palate), a hole between the lip and the nose (cleft lip), and joined toes.

Cleft Palate

Cleft Palate (CP) a disorder that causes an abnormal hole in the roof (palate) of the mouth. Puppies with this condition can also have a smaller than normal lower jaw bone.

Coat Color Dilution and Neurological Defects (Discovered in the Miniature Dachshund)

Coat Color Dilution and Neurological Defects is a syndrome in which affected puppies demonstrate lighter coat colors and neurologic abnormalities, such as difficulty lifting their head and trouble maintaining upright posture. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Miniature Dachshund.

Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA)

Collie Eye Anomaly (CEA) is an ocular disorder characterized by abnormal development of structures in the back of the eye. The most prevalent abnormality is choroidal hypoplasia, in which the blood supply layer of the eye is underdeveloped. The disorder can vary in severity, with some dogs showing only mild blood vessel abnormalities while others experience vision loss due to retinal disease or optic nerve abnormalities. CEA is most commonly found in breeds of herding descent.

Complement 3 Deficiency

Complement 3 Deficiency (C3D) is a disease that causes severe immunodeficiency, leaving affected dogs vulnerable to infections.

Cone Degeneration (Discovered in the Alaskan Malamute)

Cone Degeneration (CD), also called "day-blindness" is an inherited eye disorder causing light-sensitivity (photophobia) and an inability to see in bright light.

Cone Degeneration (Discovered in the German Shepherd Dog)

Cone Degeneration (CD), also called "day-blindness" is an inherited eye disorder causing light-sensitivity (photophobia) and an inability to see in bright light.

Cone Degeneration (Discovered in the German Shorthaired Pointer)

Cone Degeneration (CD), also called "day-blindness" is an inherited eye disorder causing light-sensitivity (photophobia) and an inability to see in bright light.

Cone-Rod Dystrophy

Cone-Rod Dystrophy (CRD) is an eye disorder resulting in degeneration of the retina at the back of the eye at a young age, causing progressive vision loss.

Cone-Rod Dystrophy 1

Cone-Rod Dystrophy (CRD1) is an eye disorder resulting in degeneration of the retina at the back of the eye at a young age, causing progressive vision loss.

Cone-Rod Dystrophy 2

Cone-Rod Dystrophy (CRD2) is an eye disorder resulting in degeneration of the retina at the back of the eye at a young age, causing progressive vision loss.

Congenital Cornification (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Congenital Cornification is a rare X-linked dominant skin disorder. Affected females with one copy of the variant have shown striped, symmetrical thickening of the skin and paw pads, lameness associated with paw pad lesions, and stunted growth. The variant is thought to be lethal in affected males and, possibly, females with two copies. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Labrador Retriever.

Congenital Dyshormonogenic Hypothyroidism with Goiter (Discovered in the Shih Tzu)

Congenital Dyshormonogenic Hypothyroidism (CDH) is a rare condition causing a defect in iodide transport and a subsequent reduction in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, resulting in hypothyroidism and goiter.

Congenital Eye Malformations (Discovered in the Golden Retriever)

Congenital Eye Malformations is a rare disorder that can cause a variety of abnormalities affecting one or both eyes and may impair vision. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Golden Retriever.

Congenital Hypothyroidism (Discovered in the Tenterfield Terrier)

Congenital Hypothyroidism is a disease of insufficient thyroid hormone production. As this hormone is important in many aspects of the metabolism and development, the result is a wide variety of signs including slow growth, dwarfism, and mental impairment.

Congenital Hypothyroidism (Discovered in the Toy Fox and Rat Terrier)

Congenital Hypothyroidism is a disease of insufficient thyroid hormone production. As this hormone is important in many aspects of the metabolism and development, the result is a wide variety of signs including slow growth, dwarfism, and mental impairment.

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Discovered in the Italian Greyhound)

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) is a progressive muscular disorder characterized by muscle wasting, formation of excess connective tissue in the muscles, and possibly abnormal nerve conduction. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Italian Greyhound.

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (Discovered in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier)

Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) is a progressive muscular disorder characterized by muscle wasting, formation of excess connective tissue in the muscles, and possibly abnormal nerve conduction. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier.

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Discovered in the Golden Retriever)

Congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs) are a group of inherited neuromuscular disorders. The CMS in Golden Retrievers is characterized by generalized muscle weakness and abnormal gait. The causative gene for CMS in Golden Retrievers is COLQ.

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Discovered in the Heideterrier)

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) is a neuromuscular disorder causing progressive muscle weakness that is associated with activity. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Heideterrier.

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Discovered in the Jack Russell Terrier)

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) is a neuromuscular disorder. Affected dogs suffer from exercise intolerance and collapse after 5-30 minutes of exercise.

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) is a neuromuscular disorder. Affected dogs suffer from exercise intolerance and collapse after 5-30 minutes of exercise.

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (Discovered in the Old Danish Pointer)

Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome (CMS) is a neuromuscular disorder. Affected dogs suffer from exercise intolerance and collapse after 5-30 minutes of exercise.

Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB)

Congenital Stationary Night Blindness (CSNB) is an eye (retinal) disorder that causes non-progressive or very slowly progressing loss of night vision.

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (Discovered in Scottish Terrier breeds)

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO), also known as "lion's jaw", is a disorder of the skull where the jaw bones show swelling and thickening, causing pain, drooling, and difficulties in eating.

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (Discovered in the Australian Terrier)

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO), also known as "lion's jaw," is a disorder of bone growth, with bones of the skull most consistently affected. During the growth period, the jaw bones become swollen and thickened, causing pain, drooling, and difficulty eating. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Australian Terrier.

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (Discovered in the Basset Hound)

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO), also known as "lion's jaw," is a disorder of bone growth, with bones of the skull most consistently affected. During the growth period, the jaw bones become swollen and thickened, causing pain, drooling, and difficulty eating. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Basset Hound.

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (Discovered in the Weimaraner)

Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO), also known as "lion's jaw," is a disorder of bone growth, with bones of the skull most consistently affected. During the growth period, the jaw bones become swollen and thickened, causing pain, drooling, and difficulty eating. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Weimaraner.

Cystic Renal Dysplasia and Hepatic Fibrosis

Cystic renal dysplasia and hepatic fibrosis is a disorder causing renal (kidney failure) and liver scarring (fibrosis)

Cystinuria Type I-A

Dogs with Cystinuria are not able to reabsorb the amino acid cystine in their kidneys and therefore high concentrations can accumulate in the urinary tract resulting in formation of cystine crystals and stones that can cause obstruction.

Cystinuria Type II-A

Dogs with Cystinuria are not able to reabsorb the amino acid cystine in their kidneys and therefore high concentrations can accumulate in the urinary tract resulting in formation of cystine crystals and stones that can cause obstruction.

Darier Disease (Discovered in the Irish Terrier)

Darier Disease is a skin disorder characterized by cysts forming in the skin or ear canals that can be covered by ulcerative lesions. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Irish Terrier.

Deafness and Vestibular Dysfunction (DINGS1), (Discovered in Doberman Pinscher)

Dogs with this condition show deafness in one or both ears. Other signs include head tilt, circling, lack of coordination, and uncontrolled eye movements.

Deafness and Vestibular Dysfunction (DINGS2), (Discovered in Doberman Pinscher)

Deafness and Vestibular Dysfunction (DINGS2) is a disorder that causes hearing loss in both ears and neurologic abnormalities, such as poor balance. The associated genetic variant in the MYO7A gene has been identified in the Doberman Pinscher.

Degenerative Myelopathy

Degenerative Myelopathy (DM) is a neurological disorder, usually affecting dogs in their senior years. Loss of hind limb coordination is an early sign of disease, and as the condition progresses the hind limbs of affected dogs become increasingly weak.

Demyelinating Neuropathy

Demyelinating Neuropathy is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, causing noisy breathing, regurgitation and mild exercise intolerance.

Dental Hypomineralization

Dental Hypomineralization is a disease that causes abnormal mineralization of the teeth, resulting in a brownish discoloration and abnormal wear of the teeth.

Dental-Skeletal-Retinal Anomaly (Discovered in the Cane Corso)

Dental-Skeletal-Retinal Anomaly (DSRA) is a disorder associated with dental irregularities, skeletal abnormalities, and progressive vision loss. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Cane Corso.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Discovered in the Schnauzer)

Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac disorder causing heart failure.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy for Doberman Pinschers only, DCM1 risk variant

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe heart condition in which the heart walls become thin and weak, leading to heart enlargement and eventual heart failure due to a decreased pumping ability. To date, DCM1 has only been associated with DCM in purebred American Doberman Pinschers. However, please note that the genetic markers included in this panel do not explain all occurrences of DCM in the breed, suggesting additional genetic factors may be involved.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy for Doberman Pinschers only, DCM2 risk variant

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe heart condition in which the heart walls become thin and weak, leading to heart enlargement and eventual heart failure due to a decreased pumping ability. To date, DCM2 has only been associated with DCM in purebred American Doberman Pinschers. However, please note that the genetic markers included in this panel do not explain all occurrences of DCM in the breed, suggesting additional genetic factors may be involved.

Dilated Cardiomyopathy for Doberman Pinschers only, DCM4 risk variant (Linkage Test)

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe heart condition in which the heart walls become thin and weak, leading to heart enlargement and eventual heart failure due to a decreased pumping ability. The associated genetic risk marker has been identified in purebred European Doberman Pinschers, and research is ongoing to understand risk profiles in Dobermans from other regions. However, please note that the genetic markers included in this panel do not explain all occurrences of DCM in the breed, suggesting additional genetic factors may be involved. The Wisdom test for DCM4 is what is known as a linkage test. It does not directly test for the causal variant but provides a prediction based on nearby proprietary marker(s) in the DNA.

Disproportionate Dwarfism (Discovered in the Dogo Argentino)

Disproportionate Dwarfism is a disorder that affects bone and cartilage development, leading to changes in limb length and conformation, body length and height, and head shape. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Dogo Argentino.

Dominant Progressive Retinal Atrophy

Dominant Progressive Retinal Atrophy (DPRA) is an eye disease resulting in vision loss and eventual blindness.

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (Discovered in the Basset Hound)

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (DEB) is a skin disorder that causes skin fragility and blistering, as well as irritations in the oral cavity and esophagus. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Basset Hound.

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (Discovered in the Central Asian Ovcharka)

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa is a skin disorder that causes blistering of the skin and irritations in the oral cavity and upper digestive tract. These disease signs may diminish around 8 months of age.

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa (Discovered in the Golden Retriever)

Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa is a skin disorder that causes blistering of the skin and irritations in the oral cavity and upper digestive tract. These disease signs may diminish around 8 months of age.

Early Adult Onset Deafness For Border Collies only (Linkage test)

Early Adult Onset Deafness is a disease of gradual hearing loss affecting both ears. This test is a linkage test and relevant for the Border Collie breed only. The disease causing variant has not yet been identified.

Early Retinal Degeneration (Discovered in the Norwegian Elkhound)

Early retinal degeneration (ERD) is an eye disorder characterized by abnormal development followed by degeneration of photoreceptors in the eye. The disorder causes early onset blindness in Norwegian Elkhounds.

Early-Onset Adult Deafness (Discovered in the Rhodesian Ridgeback)

Early-Onset Adult Deafness (EOAD) is a disorder that causes early hearing loss, with the associated genetic variant identified in the Rhodesian Ridgeback. Dogs with this condition show deafness in both ears within the first 1 to 2 years of life.

Early-Onset Progressive Polyneuropathy (Discovered in the Alaskan Malamute)

Early-Onset Progressive Polyneuropathy is characterized by the dysfunction and breakdown of multiple nerve types, which causes generalized weakness, and related clinical signs.

Early-Onset Progressive Polyneuropathy (Discovered in the Greyhound)

Early-Onset Progressive Polyneuropathy is characterized by the dysfunction and breakdown of multiple nerve types, which causes generalized weakness, and related clinical signs.

Early-Onset Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Portuguese Water Dog)

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a disorder where the light sensing retina at the back of the eye degenerates resulting in vision loss.

Early-Onset Progressive Retinal Atrophy, (Discovered in the Spanish Water Dog)

Early-Onset Progressive Retinal Atrophy (EOPRA) is an eye disorder where the light sensing retina at the back of the eye deteriorates, causing impaired vision. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Spanish Water Dog, and affected dogs are typically diagnosed with progressive vision loss before 4 years of age.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Discovered in mixed breed)

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by skin that is easily stretched, fragile, and easy to bruise, as well as increased flexibility of joints. The associated genetic variant has been identified in mixed breed dogs.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by skin that is easily stretched, fragile, and easy to bruise, as well as increased flexibility of joints. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Labrador Retriever.

Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis

Epidermolytic Hyperkeratosis is a skin disorder that causes the skin to be fragile and easily damaged from birth followed by thickening of the skin in adulthood.

Episodic Falling Syndrome

Episodic Falling Syndrome (EFS) is a condition causing the temporary inability to relax muscles resulting in collapse episodes which are usually a few seconds to several minutes long.

Exercise-Induced Collapse

Exercise-Induced Collapse (EIC) is a neuromuscular disorder which can cause incoordination and weakness, resulting in collapse, after periods of strenuous exercise.

Factor VII Deficiency

Factor VII Deficiency is an inherited blood clotting disorder that results in excessive bleeding occurring after a severe trauma or surgery. The signs of the disease are typically mild but can vary in severity in different affected dogs.

Factor XI Deficiency

Factor XI Deficiency is a hereditary disorder that impacts blood clotting. The disease usually causes a mild, spontaneous bleeding disorder but more severe bleeding may occur following surgery. Many dogs that are at risk will not show any signs of disease.

Familial Nephropathy (Discovered in the English Cocker Spaniel)

Familial Nephropathy (FN) is an inherited kidney disorder that results in excessive amounts of protein in the urine, leading to kidney failure in young dogs. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the English Cocker Spaniel.

Familial Nephropathy (Discovered in the English Springer Spaniel)

Familial Nephropathy (FN) is an inherited kidney disorder that results in excessive amounts of protein in the urine, leading to kidney failure in young dogs. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the English Springer Spaniel.

Fanconi Syndrome

Fanconi Syndrome is a disorder of kidney function. For dogs affected with the syndrome the kidney's ability to reabsorb essential metabolites such as glucose, electrolytes, amino acids, and proteins in the urine, is impaired causing a wide variety of signs including frequent drinking and urinating, weight loss, and poor coat condition.

Fetal Onset Neuroaxonal Dystrophy

Fetal Onset Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (FNAD) is a disorder that disturbs the development of motor (movement) nerves in the central nervous system. Signs include abnormal curvature of the spine and contracted joints. Affected puppies to have no voluntary movement of limbs. Respiratory deficiencies (difficulties breathing) cause affected puppies to die at birth.

Focal Non-Epidermolytic Palmoplantar Keratoderma

Focal Non-Epidermolytic Palmoplantar Keratoderma (FNEPPK) is an inherited skin disorder that causes a type of hereditary footpad hyperkeratosis (HFH). Signs include hard, thickened, and cracked footpads.

GM1 Gangliosidosis (Discovered in the Portuguese Water Dog)

GM1 gangliosidosis is a disorder of progressive nervous system degeneration, resulting in vision impairment, head tremor, involuntary eye movements, limb weakness with difficulties in balancing and fatigue.

GM1 Gangliosidosis (Discovered in the Shiba)

GM1 gangliosidosis is a disorder of progressive nervous system degeneration, resulting in vision impairment, head tremor, involuntary eye movements, limb weakness with difficulties in balancing and fatigue.

GM2 Gangliosidosis (Discovered in the Japanese Chin)

GM2 Gangliosidosis, is a disorder of progressive nervous system degeneration, with signs including incoordination of movements and tremors.

GM2 Gangliosidosis (Discovered in the Toy Poodle)

GM2 Gangliosidosis, is a disorder of progressive nervous system degeneration, with signs including incoordination of movements and tremors.

Generalized Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Schapendoes)

Generalized progressive retinal atrophy (GPRA) is an eye disorder where the light sensing retina at the back of the eye degenerates, causing progressive vision loss and eventual blindness.

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Type I (Discovered in Great Pyrenees)

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia (GT) Type I is a blood disorder characterized by poor blood platelet aggregation. Platelet in the blood are needed to help start clot formation, so as a result of this disorder bleeding may be prolonged.

Glanzmann Thrombasthenia Type I (Discovered in mixed breed dogs)

Glanzmann thrombasthenia (GT) causes susceptibility to bleeding due to poor blood platelet aggregation.

Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (Discovered in Terriers)

Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (GLD) is a disorder which results in degeneration of the nervous system. GLD is characterized by muscle weakness, tremors, and ataxia (uncoordinated movement). Signs of the disease also include behavioral changes, incoherence, blindness, and deficits in normal reflexes.

Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (Discovered in the Irish Setter)

Globoid Cell Leukodystrophy (GLD) is a disorder which results in degeneration of the nervous system. GLD is characterized by muscle weakness, tremors, and ataxia (uncoordinated movement). Signs of the disease also include behavioral changes, incoherence, blindness, and deficits in normal reflexes.

Glycogen Storage Disease Type IIIa, (GSD IIIa)

Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type IIIa is a disorder that affects the metabolism of glycogen.

Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (Discovered in the German Pinscher)

Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (GSD Ia) is a severe metabolic disorder causing critically low blood sugar levels and liver enlargement. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the German Pinscher.

Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia (Discovered in the Maltese)

Glycogen Storage Disease (GSD) Type Ia is a severe metabolic disorder causing critically low blood sugar levels.

Hemophilia A (Discovered in Old English Sheepdog)

Hemophilia A, also known as Factor VIII Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder, which can cause bruising or abdominal bleeding without apparent reason. The disease is more commonly seen in male dogs.

Hemophilia A (Discovered in the Boxer)

Hemophilia A, also known as Factor VIII Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder, which can cause bruising or abdominal bleeding without apparent reason. The disease is more commonly seen in male dogs.

Hemophilia A (Discovered in the German Shepherd Dog - Variant 1)

Hemophilia A, also known as Factor VIII Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder, which can cause bruising or abdominal bleeding without apparent reason. The disease is more commonly seen in male dogs.

Hemophilia A (Discovered in the German Shepherd Dog - Variant 2)

Hemophilia A, also known as Factor VIII Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder, which can cause bruising or abdominal bleeding without apparent reason. The disease is more commonly seen in male dogs.

Hemophilia A (Discovered in the Havanese)

Hemophilia A, also known as Factor VIII Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder, which can cause bruising or abdominal bleeding without apparent reason. The disease is more commonly seen in male dogs.

Hemophilia A (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Hemophilia A, also known as Factor VIII Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder that can cause bruising or abdominal bleeding without apparent reason. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Labrador Retriever. However, please note that this variant does not explain all occurrences of Hemophilia A in the breed, indicating additional genetic causes remain to be discovered.

Hemophilia B

Hemophilia B, also known as Factor IX Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder most commonly seen in male dogs, which can result in prolonged bleeding after an injury or a surgical procedure.

Hemophilia B (Discovered in the Airedale Terrier)

Hemophilia B, also known as Factor IX Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder most commonly seen in male dogs, which can result in prolonged bleeding after an injury or a surgical procedure.

Hemophilia B (Discovered in the Lhasa Apso)

Hemophilia B, also known as Factor IX Deficiency, is a blood clotting disorder most commonly seen in male dogs, which can result in prolonged bleeding after an injury or a surgical procedure.

Hereditary Ataxia (Discovered in the Belgian Malinois)

Hereditary Ataxia is a neurologic disorder characterized by uncoordinated movements and partial paralysis of the hindlimbs. Signs usually first develop during puppyhood and are progressive. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Belgian Malinois.

Hereditary Ataxia (Discovered in the Norwegian Buhund)

Hereditary ataxia is a disorder of the nervous system leading to uncoordinated movement and head tremors.

Hereditary Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis, Type 1

Hereditary Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis, Type 1 (CaOx1) is a genetic disorder that greatly increases the risk for urinary stones composed of calcium oxalate to form within the kidneys or bladder.

Hereditary Elliptocytosis

Hereditary Elliptocytosis is a disease where the red blood cells are abnormally oval shape, rather than the characteristic biconcave or dumbbell shape that is normally seen.

Hereditary Footpad Hyperkeratosis

Hereditary Footpad Hyperkeratosis (HFH) is a skin disorder, with disease signs including hard, thickened, and cracked footpads and an abnormal coat.

Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis (Discovered in the Greyhound)

Hereditary nasal parakeratosis (HNPK) is a disorder causing crusting and dryness of the nose, leading to soreness and irritation.

Hereditary Nasal Parakeratosis (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Hereditary nasal parakeratosis (HNPK) is a disorder causing crusting and dryness of the nose, leading to soreness and irritation.

Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets Type II

Hereditary Vitamin D-Resistant Rickets (HVDRR) is a bone defect where vitamin D cannot be delivered to the bones effectively. This prevents normal bone mineralization, leading to softening and bending of the bones and skeletal problems.

Hyperuricosuria

Hyperuricosuria (HUU) is a condition that predisposes affected dogs to the formation of urinary stones, such as kidney or bladder stones.

Hypocatalasia

Hypocatalasia is the deficiency of an enzyme called catalase in red blood cells. The catalase enzyme plays an important role in the cells defense against a type of chemical damage, known as oxidative damage. The disorder is characterized by ulcers and progressive gangrene (tissue death) of the mouth.

Hypomyelination

Hypomyelination is a neurological disorder causing muscle tremors and movement difficulties.

Hypophosphatasia

This early onset condition originally discovered in Karelian Bear Dogs is a metabolic bone disease that disturbs skeletal mineralization.

Ichthyosis (Discovered in the American Bulldog)

Ichthyosis is a skin condition causing generalized scaling of the skin and abdominal redness.

Ichthyosis (Discovered in the Great Dane)

Ichthyoses is a disease of skin cornification. This particular mutation causes severe thickening, drying and scaling of the skin, which can lead to secondary infections.

Ichthyosis Type 2 (Discovered in the Golden Retriever)

Ichthyosis Type 2 (ICH2) is a skin condition characterized by chronic scaling of the skin. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Golden Retriever.

Inflammatory Myopathy (Discovered in the Dutch Shepherd Dog)

Inflammatory Myopathy is an inflammatory muscle disorder characterized by progressive weakness and muscle wasting. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Dutch Shepherd Dog.

Inflammatory Pulmonary Disease (Discovered in the Rough Collie)

Inflammatory Pulmonary Disease (IPD) is characterized by recurrent airway inflammation, such as pneumonia. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Rough Collie.

Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (Discovered in the Beagle)

Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (ICM) or Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome is a metabolic disorder resulting from a failure to absorb vitamin B12 in the small intestine of the gut causing retarded growth, a low count of the oxygen carrying red blood cells (anemia), and a low count of white blood cells (immune system cells).

Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (Discovered in the Border Collie)

Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (ICM) or Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome is a metabolic disorder resulting from a failure to absorb vitamin B12 in the small intestine of the gut causing retarded growth, a low count of the oxygen carrying red blood cells (anemia), and a low count of white blood cells (immune system cells).

Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (Discovered in the Komondor)

Intestinal Cobalamin Malabsorption (ICM) or Imerslund-Gräsbeck Syndrome is a disorder where the body is unable to absorb cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the small intestine. This results in weakness and failure to thrive, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, and decreased numbers of white blood cells (immune system cells).

Intestinal Lipid Malabsorption (Discovered in the Australian Kelpie)

Intestinal Lipid Malabsorption (ILM) is a disorder characterized by poor intestinal absorption and metabolism of dietary nutrients leading to stunted growth, an oddly textured hair coat, and abnormally fatty feces in affected dogs. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Australian Kelpie.

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (Discovered in the Australian Cattle Dog Mix)

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB) is a severe skin disorder that causes skin fragility and blistering, as well as potentially significant irritations in the oral cavity. The associated genetic variant has been identified in Australian Cattle Dog mixes.

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (Discovered in the Australian Shepherd)

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB) is a skin disorder that causes skin fragility and blistering, as well as irritations in the oral cavity and upper digestive tract. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Australian Shepherd.

Juvenile Cataract (Discovered in the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon)

Juvenile Cataracts is an inherited condition in which the lens of the eye progressively becomes cloudy, leading to a decline in vision. In the Wirehaired Pointing Griffon, this condition can be seen in puppies as young as 8 weeks old.

Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy (Discovered in the Toy Manchester Terrier)

Juvenile Dilated Cardiomyopathy (JDCM) is a heart condition that results in the sudden death of puppies and young dogs. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Toy Manchester Terrier.

Juvenile Encephalopathy (Discovered in the Parson Russell Terrier)

Juvenile encephalopathy is a brain disorder causing epileptic seizures and progressive brain damage.

Juvenile Laryngeal Paralysis and Polyneuropathy

Juvenile laryngeal paralysis and polyneuropathy (JLPP) causes difficulty breathing and swallowing due to voice box (larynx) paralysis.

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy

Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy is a specific form of epilepsy first described in Rhodesian Ridgebacks, causing muscle jerks and twitches, that can progress to generalized seizures.

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (Discovered in the West Highland White Terrier)

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (L2HGA) is a metabolic disease that causes damage to the nervous system and results in incoordination, muscle stiffness during exercise or times of excitement, and altered behavior or epileptic seizures.

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (Discovered in the Staffordshire Bull Terrier)

L-2-Hydroxyglutaric Aciduria (L2HGA) is a metabolic disease caused by a fault in the enzyme that breaks down a chemical in the body known as L-2-hydroxyglutaric acid, which increases to toxic levels. This causes damage to the nervous system and results in incoordination, muscle stiffness during exercise or times of excitement, and altered behavior or epileptic seizures.

Lafora Disease (Linkage test)

Lafora Disease is a rare, progressive form of epilepsy. Episodes may occur spontaneously or secondary to a trigger and can range in appearance from involuntary movements, such as spasms of the limb and neck muscles, to generalized seizures. Lafora Disease is known to occur in Basset Hounds, Beagles, and Dachshunds. The Wisdom test for Lafora Disease is what is known as a linkage test. It does not directly test for the known Lafora Disease variant, but provides a prediction based on nearby proprietary marker(s) in the DNA.

Lagotto Storage Disease

Lagotto Storage Disease (LSD) is a neurological disorder resulting in a progressive incoordination, poor balance and behavior changes.

Lamellar Ichthyosis

Lamellar Ichthyosis is a skin disorder causing severe thickening and scaling of the skin, leading to secondary bacterial and yeast skin infections.

Laryngeal Paralysis (Discovered in the Bull Terrier and Miniature Bull Terrier)

Laryngeal Paralysis is a condition that results from impaired nerve function supplied to tissues protecting the opening of the windpipe, leading to breathing difficulties and potential airway obstruction. The associated genetic variant is a risk factor that has been identified in the Bull Terrier and Miniature Bull Terrier.

Leigh-like Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (Discovered in the Yorkshire Terrier)

Leigh-like Subacute Necrotizing Encephalopathy (Leigh-like SNE) is a severe neurologic disorder that causes an early onset of wide-ranging signs, including seizures, incoordination, behavior changes, and vision deficits. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Yorkshire Terrier.

Lethal Acrodermatitis (Discovered in the Bull Terrier)

Lethal acrodermatitis (LAD) is a disease characterized by poor growth, immune system deficiency, skin problems and infections.

Leukodystrophy (Discovered in the Standard Schnauzer)

Leukodystrophy is a rare inherited disorder affecting the white matter of the brain, causing severe and progressive neurologic signs shortly after birth. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Standard Schnauzer.

Ligneous Membranitis

Ligneous Membranitis is a rare inflammatory disease of the mucous membranes. The disease causes conjunctivitis, mouth ulcers and swollen gums. Other clinical signs include nasal discharge, loud breathing and enlarged lymph nodes.

Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy (Discovered in the Boston Terrier)

Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy (LGMD) is a disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle wasting, particularly over the shoulders and hips, and changes in walking patterns. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Boston Terrier

Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type L3 (Discovered in the Miniature Dachshund)

Limb-girdle Muscular Dystrophy, Type L3 (LGMDR3) is a disorder that is characterized by progressive muscle wasting, particularly over the shoulders and hips, and changes in walking patterns. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Miniature Dachshund

Lung Developmental Disease (Discovered in the Airedale Terrier)

Lung developmental disease in Airedale Terriers is characterized by lethal hypoxic respiratory distress and failure that occur within the first days or weeks of life in affected puppies.

MDR1 Medication Sensitivity

The MDR1 gene variant causes a defect to a drug pumping protein that plays an important role in limiting drug absorption and distribution (particularly to the brain). Dogs with the MDR1 variant may have severe adverse reactions to some commonly used medications.

Macrothrombocytopenia (Discovered in Norfolk and Cairn Terrier)

Macrothrombocytopenia is a blood disorder characterized by oversized blood platelets, which play an important role in blood clotting when a blood vessel is injured.

May-Hegglin Anomaly

May-Hegglin Anomaly (MHA) is a blood disorder that causes deficiency and abnormal shaping of the blood platelets which are important in the clotting process.

Microphthalmia (Discovered in the Soft-Coated Wheaten Terrier)

Microphthalmia is an eye disorder present from birth where affected puppies to have abnormally small and underdeveloped eyes.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA (Discovered in the Dachshund)

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA (MSP IIIA) is a disease of progressive incoordination, first in the pelvic legs and later progressing to all four legs. Leg movements become erratic when walking and affected dogs have difficulty balancing.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA (Discovered in the New Zealand Huntaway)

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIA (MSP IIIA) is a disease of progressive incoordination, first in the hindlimbs and later progressing to all four legs. Leg movements become erratic when walking and affected dogs have difficulty balancing.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII (Discovered in the Brazilian Terrier)

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII (MPS VII) is a disorder causing severe changes in skeletal structure, with joint hyperlaxity.

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII (Discovered in the German Shepherd Dog)

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII (MPS VII) is a disorder causing hind limb weakness (progressing to incoordination in all legs), growth retardation, facial and other skeletal abnormalities, and corneal clouding.

Mucopolysaccharidosis VI (Discovered in the Miniature Pinscher)

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) VI is a severe metabolic disorder that can lead to stunted growth and progressive skeletal deformities. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Miniature Pinscher.

Muscular Dystrophy (Discovered in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel)

Muscular Dystrophy is a severe disorder that causes muscle breakdown and weakness. DMD is characterized by a curve to the dog's back and a crouched posture. It typically affects males, although some females may also show some muscle weakness as well.

Muscular Dystrophy (Discovered in the Golden Retriever)

Muscular Dystrophy is a severe disorder that causes muscle degeneration and weakness due to the formation of excess connective tissue in the muscle.

Muscular Dystrophy (Discovered in the Landseer)

Muscular Dystrophies are a group of progressive disorders leading to muscular dysfunction. This form leads to movement difficulties from a young age due to increasing muscle weakness.

Muscular Dystrophy (Discovered in the Norfolk Terrier)

This form of Muscular Dystrophy is a disease of progressive muscular weakness, respiratory problems, and cardiomyopathy (heart disease).

Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Muscular Dystrophy-Dystroglycanopathy (MDD) is a type of muscular disorder that causes a failure to thrive in puppies. It is characterized by eating difficulties, poor weight gain, stunted growth, and weakness. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Labrador Retriever.

Muscular Hypertrophy (Double Muscling)

Muscular Hypertrophy (Double Muscling) is a condition where the muscles of the body become much larger and more pronounced than normal, due to a defect in a gene that helps to regulate muscle growth.

Musladin-Lueke Syndrome

Musladin-Lueke Syndrome (MLS) is a disorder affecting the development and structure of connective tissue that is characterized by stiff joints, an abnormal facial expression, and thick, tight skin.

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency

Myeloperoxidase Deficiency is a condition causing an increased susceptibility to fungal and bacterial infections. This is due to a defect of an important enzyme present in the white blood cells of the immune system.

Myotonia Congenita (Discovered in Australian Cattle Dog)

Myotonia Congenita is a muscle disorder affecting dogs from birth. The condition causes affected dogs to have muscles that contract and cramp easily.

Myotonia Congenita (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Myotonia congenita is a muscle disorder that affects dogs from birth, causing stiff movement and delayed relaxation of muscles after exercise.

Myotonia Congenita (Discovered in the Miniature Schnauzer)

Myotonia congenita is a muscle disorder that affects dogs from birth, causing stiff movement and delayed relaxation of muscles after exercise.

Myotubular Myopathy

Myotubular Myopathy is a disorder that affects the muscle cells. This starts with an early-onset hind limb weakness, progressing to an inability to move.

Narcolepsy (Discovered in the Dachshund)

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes sudden attacks of sleep due to the brain's inability to regulate REM sleep.

Narcolepsy (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder that causes sudden attacks of sleep due to the brain's inability to regulate REM sleep.

Nemaline Myopathy

Nemaline myopathy is a muscle disorder characterized by defects to muscle fibers causing weakness and tremors.

Neonatal Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration

Neonatal Cerebellar Cortical Degeneration (NCCD) is a disease of uncoordinated movements and loss of balance that is present from birth.

Neonatal Encephalopathy with Seizures

Neonatal Encephalopathy with Seizures (NEWS) is a disorder that affects the development of the balance and movement center of the brain.

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (Discovered in Spanish Water Dog)

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy is a neurodegenerative disorder. Signs of this disease include movement abnormalities, abnormal vocalization, incontinence, and behavioral changes.

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (Discovered in the Papillon)

Neuroaxonal dystrophy (NAD) comprises a group of rare neurodegenerative disorders. NAD in the Papillon is characterized by an abnormal gait, blindness, tremors, and collapse.

Neuroaxonal Dystrophy (Discovered in the Rottweiler)

Neuroaxonal dystrophy is a neurodegenerative disorder causing uncoordinated movement and gait (walking/running pattern) changes.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 1

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 1 (NCL1) is a neurological disease, with typical signs of rapidly progressing vision impairment, ataxia (uncontrolled movements), and behavioral changes, such as anxiety, sound sensitivity, and inability to recognize familiar individuals.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 12 (Discovered in the Australian Cattle Dog)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 12 (NCL12) is a late onset progressive disease causing uncoordinated movements and behavioral changes.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5 (Discovered in the Border Collie)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5 (NCL5) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by uncoordinated movements, behavioral changes, vision loss, and epileptic seizures. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Border Collie.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5 (Discovered in the Golden Retriever)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 5 (NCL5) is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by uncoordinated movements, behavioral changes, vision loss, and epileptic seizures. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Golden Retriever.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 7

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 7 (NCL7) is a progressive disease affecting behavior, movement, and vision, with a risk of epileptic seizures in later stages.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (Discovered in the Alpine Dachsbracke)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (NCL8) is a progressive disease causing uncoordinated movements, behavioral changes, vision loss, and epileptic seizures.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (Discovered in the Australian Shepherd)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (NCL8) is a progressive disease causing uncoordinated movements, behavioral changes, vision loss, and epileptic seizures.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (Discovered in the English Setter)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (NCL8) is a progressive disease causing uncoordinated movements, behavioral changes, vision loss, and epileptic seizures.

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (Discovered in the Saluki)

Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis 8 (NCL8) is a progressive neurologic disease characterized by uncoordinated movements, behavioral changes, vision loss, and seizures.

Obesity risk (POMC)

A number of factors can affect appetite and risk of obesity. This particular test detects a mutation in the POMC gene, known to regulate appetite, that has been associated with increased appetite and obesity in dogs. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Labrador Retriever and Flat-Coated Retriever. The clinical significance of this variant in dogs of other ancestry is not yet clear.

Osteochondrodysplasia

Osteochondrodysplasia is a disorder of bone and cartilage development resulting in stunted growth, misshapen limbs, and abnormal movement.

Osteochondromatosis (Discovered in the American Staffordshire Terrier)

Osteochondromatosis is a condition causing benign bone tumors, called osteochondromas, to form during puppyhood.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Discovered in the Beagle)

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a disease of fragile bones and loose joints.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (Discovered in the Dachshund)

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a disease of fragile bones and loose joints.

P2RY12-associated Bleeding Disorder

This is a bleeding disorder due to a blood protein (P2RY12) defect and was first described in Greater Swiss Mountain Dogs.

Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis (Discovered in the Rottweiler)

Palmoplantar Hyperkeratosis is an inherited skin disorder characterized by hard, thickened, and cracked paw pads. Affected dogs also have an increased predisposition for skin allergies and recurrent skin and ear infections. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Rottweiler.

Paroxysmal Dyskinesia

Paroxysmal dyskinesia (PxD) is a neurological disorder causing episodes of abnormal tone or movement of limbs. Affected dogs seem normal between these episodes.

Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome

Persistent Müllerian Duct Syndrome (PMDS) is a disorder of sexual development affecting male dogs, where a uterus and other female sex organs develop in otherwise externally normal-appearing male dogs.

Phosphofructokinase Deficiency

Phosphofructokinase Deficiency (PFK) is a disorder where an enzyme important in the production of energy from sugars is lacking, resulting in weakness, muscle cramps, discolored urine, anemia, and jaundice.

Pituitary Dwarfism (Discovered in the Karelian Bear Dog)

Pituitary Dwarfism is a hormone disorder characterized by stunted growth and coat abnormalities, such as a retained puppy coat or excessive coat thinning. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Karelian Bear Dog.

Polycystic Kidney Disease

Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD) is a condition causing formation of cysts in the kidneys which leads to chronic kidney failure.

Prekallikrein Deficiency

Prekallikrein Deficiency is a disorder which causes blood to take a longer time to clot.

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) is a disorder found to affect formation of the tiny hairs in the respiratory system called cilia, resulting in recurrent respiratory tract infections. As cilia throughout the various body systems are affected, it can also impact hearing and cause infertility in males.

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Discovered in the Alaskan Malamute)

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a disorder that causes a defect in the formation of cilia, tiny hair-like projections, found on cells in the respiratory system, reproductive system, ear and nervous system. Clinical signs of PCD are recurrent infections of the respiratory tract and fertility problems.

Primary Lens Luxation

Primary Lens Luxation (PLL) is a condition that can cause the lens of the eye to become loose and eventually displace. The disorder is caused by degeneration of the fibers that hold the lens in place.

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (Discovered in Basset Fauve de Bretagne)

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a disorder that results in an increase in eye pressure, leading to damage to the optic nerve and retina, and blindness if left untreated.

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (Discovered in Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen)

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a disorder that results in an increase in eye pressure, leading to damage to the optic nerve and retina, and blindness if left untreated.

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Lens Luxation (Discovered in Chinese Shar-Pei)

Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) is a disease where the pressure in the eye increases, causing pain and leading to blindness if untreated. The same mutation can also cause lens luxation (LL), or displacement of the lens in the eye.

Progressive Early-Onset Cerebellar Ataxia

Progressive early-onset cerebellar ataxia is a disorder of the nervous system that causes ataxia (uncoordinated movements) and loss of balance.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Basenji)

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is an eye disorder where the light sensing retina at the back of the eye degenerates, causing progressive vision loss and eventual blindness.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Golden Retriever - GR-PRA 2 variant)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited disorder that results in degeneration of the light sensing retina at the back of the eye, leading to progressive vision loss and eventual blindness. Golden Retriever PRA, Type 2 (GR-PRA2) is a late onset form, with the average age of diagnosis being 6 years old. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Golden Retriever.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Golden Retriever - GR-PRA1 variant)

Golden Retriever progressive retinal atrophy 1 (GR-PRA1) is an inherited eye disorder which causes degeneration of the light sensing retina at the back of the eye, resulting in progressive loss of vision.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Lapponian Herder)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited disorder that results in degeneration of the light sensing retina at the back of the eye, leading to progressive vision loss and eventual blindness. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Lapponian Herder.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Lhasa Apso)

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a disorder where the light sensing retina at the back of the eye degenerates resulting in vision loss.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Miniature Long Haired Dachshund)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an inherited disorder that results in degeneration of the light sensing retina at the back of the eye, leading to progressive vision loss and eventual blindness. Cone-rod dystrophy 1 (cord1-PRA) is one form that has a wide age range for clinical onset, from 6 months to 10 years old. The associated genetic risk variant has been identified in Dachshund breed types and the English Springer Spaniel.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Papillon and Phalène)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a disorder that causes the degeneration of the light sensing retina at the back of the eye, resulting in vision loss.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Shetland Sheepdog - BBS2 variant)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is an eye disease resulting in gradual loss of vision. Dogs with this form of the disease can show additional features including a wavy, atypical coat texture, an upturned nose and dental defects.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Shetland Sheepdog - CNGA1 variant)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a disorder that causes the degeneration of the light sensing retina at the back of the eye, resulting in vision loss and eventual blindness.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (Discovered in the Swedish Vallhund)

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) causes the light sensitive photoreceptor cells in the eye to degenerate, leading to night blindness.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy 1 (Discovered in the Italian Greyhound)

Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a disorder where the light sensing retina at the back of the eye degenerates, resulting in vision loss.

Progressive Retinal Atrophy Type III

Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) is a disorder that causes the degeneration of the light sensing retina at the back of the eye, resulting in vision loss.

Progressive Rod Cone Degeneration (prcd-PRA)

PRCD is a particularly common form of progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) and is found in many breeds and mixed breed dogs. PRA is caused by the degeneration of photoreceptor cells of the retina resulting in progressive vision loss and eventual blindness.

Protein Losing Nephropathy

Protein Losing Nephropathy (PLN) is a disorder in which affected dogs lose protein through their kidneys, leading to kidney failure over time. This variant has been identified in Airedale Terriers and Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers.

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase 1 Deficiency

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Phosphatase 1 (PDP1) Deficiency is a metabolic disorder characterized by exercise intolerance.

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Discovered in the Basenji)

Pyruvate kinase deficiency (PKD) is a disorder that causes anemia due to the breakdown of red blood cells.

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Discovered in the Beagle)

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) is a disorder that causes anemia due to the breakdown of red blood cells.

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Discovered in the Pug)

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) is a disorder that causes anemia due to the breakdown of red blood cells.

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (Discovered in the West Highland White Terrier)

Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency (PKD) is a disorder that causes anemia due to the breakdown of red blood cells.

QT Syndrome

Long QT Syndrome (LQTS) is a rare cardiac disease that causes an irregular heart beat and has been associated with sudden death in the English Springer Spaniel.

Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis

Renal Cystadenocarcinoma and Nodular Dermatofibrosis (RCND) is a canine kidney cancer syndrome.

Rod-Cone Dysplasia 1

Rod-Cone Dysplasia 1 (rcd1) is an inherited eye disorder that results in blindness, and was identified in Irish Setters and Irish Red and White Setters.

Rod-Cone Dysplasia 1a

Rod-Cone Dysplasia (rcd1a) is an eye disorder affecting the development of retinal photoreceptors at the back of the eye, resulting in vision loss.

Rod-Cone Dysplasia 3

Rod-Cone Dysplasia 3 (rcd3) is an eye disorder affecting the development of retinal photoreceptors at the back of the eye, resulting in vision loss.

Sensorineural Deafness (Discovered in the Rottweiler)

Sensorineural Deafness is a disorder characterized by hearing loss in both ears by the time an affected dog is a few months of age. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Rottweiler.

Sensory Ataxic Neuropathy

Sensory Ataxic Neuropathy (SAN) is a slowly progressive neurologic disorder causing uncoordinated movements and impaired balance. This variant is a risk factor causing an increased risk of disease for dogs with maternal Golden Retriever ancestry. The clinical significance of this variant in dogs lacking maternal Golden Retriever ancestry is not yet clear.

Sensory Neuropathy

Sensory neuropathy is a rare, severe neurological disorder caused by the degeneration of nerve cells. Affected dogs lack pain sensation, resulting in injury and self harm.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (Discovered in Frisian Water Dogs)

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a dysfunction of the immune system, that leaves affected dogs prone to infection.

Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (Discovered in Russell Terriers)

Autosomal Recessive Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (ARSCID) is a severe immunodeficiency disorder discovered in Jack Russell Terriers, that leaves affected dogs prone to infection.

Shaking Puppy Syndrome (Discovered in the Border Terrier)

Spongiform LeucoEncephaloMyelopathy (SLEM) is a disorder commonly known as shaking puppy syndrome. Affected pups show severe body tremors, which are generally first noted when the puppy begins to try to walk.

Skeletal Dysplasia 2

Skeletal Dysplasia 2 (SD2) is an abnormality of the skeleton that results in mild dwarfism.

Spinocerebellar Ataxia (Late-Onset Ataxia)

Spinocerebellar Ataxia also known as Late Onset Ataxia (LOA) is a disease of the nervous system characterized by uncoordinated movements and impaired balance.

Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Myokymia and/or Seizures

Spinocerebellar Ataxia with Myokymia and/or Seizures (SAMS) is a disease of the nervous system characterized by uncoordinated movements and impaired balance. This particular form may present with muscle twitching and seizures.

Spondylocostal Dysostosis

Spondylocostal Dysostosis is a developmental disease that leads to skeletal abnormalities often noted at birth.

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia (Discovered in Belgian Malinois - SDCA1)

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia (SDCA) is an early onset disease of poor coordination, muscle twitching and seizures.

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia (Discovered in Belgian Malinois - SDCA2)

Spongy Degeneration with Cerebellar Ataxia (SDCA2) is an early onset disease of loss of coordination, seizures, circling, and blindness.

Stargardt Disease (Discovered in the Labrador Retriever)

Stargardt Disease (STGD) is a form of late onset retinal degeneration, resulting in loss of the light detecting cells at the back of the eye and progressive vision loss.

Startle Disease (Discovered in Irish Wolfhounds)

Startle Disease, also known as hyperekplexia, is a rare muscle cramping disorder. Signs of the disease can be seen in very young puppies, and include muscle stiffness and tremors when handled.

Startle Disease (Discovered in the Miniature American Shepherd)

Startle Disease, also known as inherited hyperekplexia, is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by sudden and exaggerated startle responses to unexpected sensory stimuli, such as touch or sound. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Miniature American Shepherd.

Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (Discovered in the Saluki)

Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency (SSADHD) is a neurologic disorder characterized by seizures, uncoordinated movements, and abnormal behaviors, such as vocalization episodes. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Saluki.

Thrombopathia (Discovered in the Basset Hound)

Thrombopathia is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by recurrent nosebleeds, bleeding of the gums, and bruising easily. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Basset Hound.

Thrombopathia (Discovered in the Eskimo Spitz)

Thrombopathia is an inherited bleeding disorder characterized by recurrent nosebleeds, bleeding of the gums, and bruising easily. The associated genetic variant has been identified in the Eskimo Spitz.

Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome

Trapped Neutrophil Syndrome (TNS) is a disorder of the white blood cells first identified in Border Collies.

Van den Ende-Gupta Syndrome

Van den Ende-Gupta Syndrome (VDEGS) is a condition that can cause severe skeletal abnormalities. The most common ones noted are severe patella luxation (dislocated kneecap) and severe underbite.

X-Linked Ectodermal Dysplasia

X-linked Ectodermal Dysplasia (XHED) is a disorder causing skin, dental, and immune system problems.

X-Linked Hereditary Nephropathy (Discovered in the Navasota Dog)

X-Linked Hereditary Nephropathy (XLHN) is a kidney disorder, leading to kidney failure.

X-Linked Hereditary Nephropathy (Discovered in the Samoyed)

X-Linked Hereditary Nephropathy (XLHN) is a kidney disorder, leading to kidney failure.

X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy

X-linked Myotubular Myopathy (XLMTM) is a condition of the muscles that results in trouble eating, breathing, and moving around.

X-Linked Progressive Retinal Atrophy 1

X-Linked Progressive Retinal Atrophy 1 (XLPRA1) causes degeneration of the light detecting retina at the back of the eye, resulting in loss of vision.

X-Linked Progressive Retinal Atrophy 2

X-Linked Progressive Retinal Atrophy 2 (XLPRA2) causes early-onset degeneration of the light detecting retina at the back of the eye, resulting in loss of vision.

X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (Discovered in the Basset Hound)

X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (XSCID) is a severe dysfunction of the immune system, that leaves affected dogs prone to infection.

X-Linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (Discovered in the Cardigan Welsh Corgi)

X-linked Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (XSCID) is a severe dysfunction of the immune system, that leaves affected dogs prone to infection.

X-Linked Tremors

X-Linked Tremors is a neurologic disorder where affected dogs lack the protective covering over the nerves of the central nervous system, resulting in tremors and often leading to premature death.

Xanthinuria (Discovered in a mixed breed dog)

Xanthinuria can cause formation of stones throughout the upper and lower urinary tracts, including the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. These stones can result in pain, bloody urine, infection and blockage of the urinary tract.

Xanthinuria (Discovered in the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel)

Xanthinuria can cause formation of stones throughout the upper and lower urinary tracts, including the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. These stones can result in pain, bloody urine, infection and blockage of the urinary tract.

Xanthinuria (Discovered in the Toy Manchester Terrier)

Xanthinuria can cause formation of stones throughout the upper and lower urinary tracts, including the urethra, bladder, ureters, and kidneys. These stones can result in pain, bloody urine, infection and blockage of the urinary tract.

von Willebrand's Disease, type 1

von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) Type 1 is a blood clotting disorder that typically causes mild bleeding tendencies although some affected dogs may have more severe signs. It is the result of low levels of von Willebrand's factor, a blood protein that helps stabilize blood clots.

von Willebrand's Disease, type 2

von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) type 2 is a blood clotting disorder that causes moderate to severe bleeding tendencies due to low level and abnormal structure of von Willebrand's factor.

von Willebrand's Disease, type 3 (Discovered in the Kooiker Hound)

von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) Type 3 is a clotting disorder that causes severe bleeding tendencies in affected dogs.

von Willebrand's Disease, type 3 (Discovered in the Scottish Terrier)

von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) Type 3 is a clotting disorder that causes severe bleeding tendencies in affected dogs.

von Willebrand's Disease, type 3 (Discovered in the Shetland Sheepdog)

von Willebrand's Disease (vWD) Type 3 is a clotting disorder that causes severe bleeding tendencies in affected dogs.